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Pediatric: impairment could be inborn or acquired, which includes
Articulation
- : the child makes errors in pronunciation, such as he says “tar”, for “car”. Deficient auditory processing, structural abnormality, muscle coordination are some possible causes.
Language
- : the child has difficulty in understanding or expressing, which could not be accounted for by his adequate intelligence. Deficient brain processing is a possible cause.
Fluency
- : the child has stuttering or cluttering problem. Genetic, psychological, functional voicing factors are some possible causes. It should be noted that fluency could be an early manifestation of dyslexia.
Voice
- : the child has problems in voice quality and intensity. Functional abuse, psychological factors are possible causes.
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Adult: acquired impairment, which includes
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